用來直接(jie)觀察(cha)人(ren)體(ti)器(qi)官(guan)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)腔體(ti)的(de)醫療(liao)裝置(zhi)稱為內(nei)(nei)窺鏡(jing)。內(nei)(nei)窺鏡(jing)一般由(you)攝(she)像、冷光(guang)源(yuan)、主(zhu)機、顯示(shi)器(qi)、導光(guang)束等結構及(ji)(ji)針對不同(tong)部(bu)位的(de)鏡(jing)頭組成(cheng)。內(nei)(nei)窺鏡(jing)經(jing)(jing)人(ren)體(ti)的(de)天然孔道或(huo)經(jing)(jing)小切口(kou)進入人(ren)體(ti)內(nei)(nei)，通(tong)過(guo)CCD采集并逐級(ji)處理后在(zai)外部(bu)顯示(shi)器(qi)成(cheng)像，多(duo)用于(yu)人(ren)體(ti)器(qi)官(guan)或(huo)組織的(de)檢查及(ji)(ji)手術。

The medical device used to directly observe the internal cavities of human organs is called an endoscope. Endoscopes are generally composed of cameras, cold light sources, hosts, displays, guiding beams, and other structures, as well as lenses for different parts. Endoscopes enter the human body through natural pores or small incisions, are collected and processed by CCD, and then imaged on external displays. They are often used for examination and surgical treatment of human organs or tissues.

按其發展(zhan)及(ji)成像(xiang)構造分類(lei)：可大(da)體分為3大(da)類(lei)：硬管式(shi)內(nei)窺(kui)鏡(jing)(jing)、纖維內(nei)窺(kui)鏡(jing)(jing)和電子(zi)內(nei)窺(kui)鏡(jing)(jing)。

According to its development and imaging structure, it can be broadly divided into three categories: rigid tube endoscopes, fiber endoscopes, and electronic endoscopes.

硬管式內窺鏡

Rigid tube endoscope

硬管式內(nei)(nei)窺(kui)鏡包括傳像(xiang)、照(zhao)明(ming)、工(gong)作通道三大部分。傳像(xiang)部分分為(wei)物鏡、中繼系統(tong)、目鏡組(zu)成傳導(dao)圖像(xiang)。照(zhao)明(ming)部分采(cai)用冷光(guang)源用光(guang)導(dao)纖維穿入境內(nei)(nei)的方法。工(gong)作通道作用為(wei)送氣、送水、通活(huo)檢鉗。硬性內(nei)(nei)窺(kui)鏡產品(pin)有喉鏡、鼻(bi)竇(dou)鏡、膀胱鏡、子(zi)宮鏡、直(zhi)腸鏡等，狼牌(WOLF)、史托斯(STORZ)硬性鏡市場做的，還有很多硬性鏡，競爭激烈(lie)。

A rigid tube endoscope includes three main parts: image transmission, lighting, and working channels. The transmission part consists of an objective lens, a relay system, and an eyepiece to transmit images. The lighting part adopts the method of using cold light sources and optical fibers to penetrate the territory. The function of the working channel is to supply air, water, and biopsy forceps. Hard endoscope products include laryngoscopes, sinusoscopes, cystoscopes, hysteroscopes, rectoscopes, etc. WOLF and STORZ are the best in the hard endoscope market, and there are also many brands of hard endoscopes, with fierce competition.

喉鏡、鼻(bi)竇鏡、羊水鏡由(you)外鏡管、光(guang)導(dao)束、內鏡管、光(guang)學系統、鏡體、光(guang)導(dao)束接口、目端接管、目鏡罩等組成(cheng)。

Laryngoscopes, sinusoscopes, and amnioscopes are composed of an external tube, a light guide beam, an endoscopic tube, an optical system, a lens body, a light guide beam interface, an eyepiece connector, and an eyepiece cover.

膀胱鏡(jing)由光學(xue)內(nei)窺(kui)鏡(jing)、操作器、鏡(jing)鞘、窺(kui)鏡(jing)橋等組成。

The cystoscope consists of an optical endoscope, an operator, a sheath, and a bridge.

子(zi)宮(gong)鏡(jing)(jing)一(yi)種由22°角外鏡(jing)(jing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、光(guang)導束(shu)、內(nei)鏡(jing)(jing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、光(guang)學系(xi)統、鏡(jing)(jing)體、光(guang)導束(shu)接口、目端接管(guan)(guan)(guan)、目鏡(jing)(jing)罩、輸液管(guan)(guan)(guan)、操作管(guan)(guan)(guan)、限位器、宮(gong)頸塞等組(zu)成(cheng)；另一(yi)種由內(nei)窺鏡(jing)(jing)體、操作器、鞘套組(zu)成(cheng)。

Hysteroscopy is composed of a 22 ° angle external endoscope tube, a light guide beam, an endoscope tube, an optical system, a lens body, a light guide beam interface, an eyepiece connector, an eyepiece cover, an infusion tube, an operating tube, a limiter, a cervical plug, etc; Another type is composed of an endoscope body, an operator, and a sheath.

直腸(chang)鏡一種是(shi)帶有(you)光學系統(tong)的(de)(de)內窺鏡，由閉孔器、窺視管、手(shou)柄、鏡盤、注氣嘴(zui)、光導(dao)束(shu)接(jie)口等組(zu)成；另一種是(shi)沒有(you)光學系統(tong)的(de)(de)內窺鏡，只有(you)內外窺視管，中間裝有(you)照(zhao)明光導(dao)束(shu)，帶有(you)手(shou)柄、鏡盤、注氣嘴(zui)、光導(dao)束(shu)接(jie)口等組(zu)成的(de)(de)直腸(chang)鏡。

Rectoscopy is an endoscope with an optical system, consisting of a obturator, a viewing tube, a handle, a disc, an air nozzle, and an optical beam interface; Another type is an endoscope without an optical system, consisting only of an inner and outer endoscope tube, with an illuminated light guide beam in the middle, and a rectal endoscope composed of a handle, a mirror disc, an air injection nozzle, and a light guide beam interface.

纖維內窺鏡

Fiber endoscope

用纖維光(guang)束傳像和導(dao)光(guang)或(huo)用CCD傳導(dao)圖像的內(nei)窺(kui)鏡(jing)成為纖維內(nei)窺(kui)鏡(jing)。由于它具有良好的柔軟(ruan)性和方便的操作性能，在醫學上得到了廣(guang)泛的應用。目前產品有胃(wei)鏡(jing)、十二指腸(chang)鏡(jing)、結腸(chang)鏡(jing)、膽道鏡(jing)、小腸(chang)鏡(jing)、支氣管鏡(jing)、輸尿管鏡(jing)等。

Endoscopes that transmit images and guide light using fiber beams or transmit images using CCD become fiber endoscopes. Due to its excellent flexibility and convenient operational performance, it has been widely used in medicine. At present, our products include gastroscopy, duodenoscopy, colonoscopy, choledochoscopy, enteroscopy, bronchoscopy, ureteroscopy, etc.

纖維內窺鏡(jing)一般由目(mu)鏡(jing)、手輪（軟性或半硬(ying)性）、鉗(qian)道口、導光(guang)束(shu)接口、導像束(shu)、導光(guang)束(shu)組成，有(you)些產(chan)品還(huan)包括送水（氣）孔、閉孔器(qi)等。

Fiber endoscopes are generally composed of an eyepiece, a handwheel (soft or semi hard), a clamp port, a guide beam interface, a guide image beam, and a guide beam. Some products also include water (air) holes, closers, etc.

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