內窺鏡是1853年法國醫生德索米奧創制的。內窺鏡是一種常用的醫療器械。由頭端、彎曲部、插入部、操作部、導光部組成。使用時先將內窺鏡導光部接到配套的冷光源上，然后將插入部導入預檢查的器官，控制操作部可直接窺視有關部位的病變。

The first endoscope in the world was created by French doctor Desomio in 1853. Endoscope is a commonly used medical device. Composed of head end, bending part, insertion part, operation part, and light guide part. When using, first connect the endoscope's light guide to the matching cold light source, and then guide the insertion part into the pre examination organ to control the operation department to directly observe the lesions in the relevant areas.

早(zao)的(de)內(nei)窺鏡被應用于(yu)(yu)(yu)直(zhi)腸(chang)檢查。醫生在病人的(de)肛(gang)門內(nei)插入一(yi)根(gen)硬管(guan)，借助于(yu)(yu)(yu)蠟燭的(de)光亮，觀察直(zhi)腸(chang)的(de)病變(bian)。這種方法(fa)所(suo)能獲得的(de)診斷資(zi)料有限，病人不但(dan)很(hen)痛苦，而且由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)器械(xie)很(hen)硬，造成(cheng)穿孔(kong)的(de)危險很(hen)大。盡(jin)管(guan)有這些(xie)缺點(dian)，內(nei)窺鏡檢查一(yi)直(zhi)在繼續應用與(yu)發展，并逐(zhu)漸設(she)計出很(hen)多(duo)不同用途與(yu)不同類(lei)型的(de)器械(xie)。

The earliest endoscopes were used for rectal examination. The doctor inserted a hard tube into the patient's anus and observed the lesion in the rectum with the light of a candle. The diagnostic data obtained by this method is limited, and patients not only suffer greatly, but also have a high risk of perforation due to the hard instruments. Despite these drawbacks, endoscopic examination has continued to be applied and developed, gradually designing many different types of instruments for different purposes.

1855年(nian)，西(xi)班牙人(ren)卡赫薩發(fa)明(ming)了喉鏡。德國人(ren)海曼·馮·海莫茲于1861年(nian)發(fa)明(ming)了眼底鏡。

In 1855, the Spaniard Cahesa invented the laryngoscope. German Heiman von Helmholtz invented the ophthalmoscope in 1861.

1878年，愛迪明了燈泡(pao)，特別是(shi)出(chu)現微型燈泡(pao)后，使內窺鏡有了很大發展，臨時安排的手術(shu)內窺也可達到(dao)非常精確的程度。

In 1878, Edison invented the light bulb, especially with the emergence of miniature light bulbs, which greatly developed endoscopes. Temporary surgical endoscopes can also achieve a very precise level.

1878年(nian)德國泌尿科(ke)姆·尼(ni)茲創造了膀胱鏡(jing)，用它可(ke)以檢查膀胱內的某些(xie)病變。

In 1878, German urologist M Niz created cystoscopy, which can examine certain lesions in the bladder.

1897年，德國人哥·基利(li)安(an)設(she)想支(zhi)氣管鏡。

In 1897, a German named G ? rgen envisioned bronchoscopy.

1862年，德(de)國(guo)人斯(si)莫(mo)爾創造了食道鏡。

In 1862, German Smoll created the esophagoscope.

1903年，美國(guo)人凱利創制了(le)直腸鏡，但是到1930年后(hou)才開始普遍使用。

In 1903, American Kelly created the concept of colonoscopy, but it was not until 1930 that it became widely used.

1913年，瑞典人雅各布(bu)斯改(gai)革(ge)了胸(xiong)膜鏡檢查法。

In 1913, Swedish scholar Jacobs reformed the pleural examination method.

1922年，美(mei)國人欣(xin)德勒創(chuang)立了胃鏡檢查法(fa)。

In 1922, American Schindler founded the gastroscopy method.

1928年，德國人卡(ka)爾克創(chuang)立了腹鏡檢查法。

In 1928, German Carl K established the abdominal endoscopy method.

1936年(nian)，美國人斯卡(ka)夫進(jin)行(xing)了(le)腦(nao)室(shi)鏡(jing)(jing)檢試驗，直到(dao)1962年(nian)，才由德(de)國人古奧和弗(fu)累斯梯爾創立了(le)腦(nao)室(shi)鏡(jing)(jing)檢法。從此形(xing)成一(yi)整套(tao)鏡(jing)(jing)檢法系列。

In 1936, an American named Scarf conducted a ventriculoscopic examination, and it was not until 1962 that the method of ventriculoscopic examination was established by German authors G ü o and F ü rster. From then on, a complete series of mirror inspection methods was formed.

1963年，日本開始(shi)生產(chan)纖(xian)維內窺鏡，

In 1963, Japan began producing fiber endoscopes,

1964年研制成功纖維內窺鏡的活檢裝置，這種取活檢的特別活檢鉗能夠有合適的病理取材而且危險(xian)小。

In 1964, a biopsy device using a fiber endoscope was successfully developed. This special biopsy forceps for biopsy can provide suitable pathological samples with minimal risk.

1965年，纖維結腸鏡制成，擴(kuo)大(da)了(le)對于下消(xiao)化(hua)道疾(ji)病的(de)檢查范圍。

In 1965, fiber colonoscopy was made, expanding the scope of examination for lower gastrointestinal diseases.

1967年(nian)開始(shi)研究放大纖(xian)維(wei)內(nei)窺鏡以(yi)觀(guan)察微(wei)細病變。光(guang)纖(xian)內(nei)窺鏡還可以(yi)用(yong)來做體內(nei)化驗(yan)，如測量體內(nei)溫度、壓力、移(yi)位(wei)、光(guang)譜(pu)吸(xi)收以(yi)及其他數據。

In 1967, research began on magnifying fiber endoscopes to observe microscopic lesions. Fiber optic endoscopes can also be used for in vivo laboratory tests, such as measuring internal temperature, pressure, displacement, spectral absorption, and other data.

1973年，激光技(ji)術(shu)應用于(yu)內窺鏡(jing)的上，并逐漸成為經內窺鏡(jing)有消化道出血的手段之(zhi)一。

In 1973, laser technology was applied to the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding through endoscopy and gradually became one of the methods for treating gastrointestinal bleeding through endoscopy.

1981年，內窺鏡超聲波技(ji)術(shu)研制成功，這種把的超聲波技(ji)術(shu)與內窺鏡結合(he)在一起(qi)的新發展，大大增加了(le)對病變診(zhen)斷(duan)的準(zhun)確性(xing)。

In 1981, endoscopic ultrasound technology was successfully developed, which combined advanced ultrasound technology with endoscopy and greatly increased the accuracy of lesion diagnosis.